Sebastian Gerland

Aktuelle aktiviteter

• AMORA (Advancing modelling and observing solar radiation of Arctic sea ice - understanding changes and processes; NFR, Research Council of Norway, Program NORKLIMA)
• ICE-Fluxes
• CASPER (Characterization of Arctic sea ice properties from remote sensing observations; Fram Centre, Polhavet flagship project)
• CORESAT (Combined remote and in situ study of sea ice thickness and motion in the Fram Strait; NFR, Research Council of Norway, Program Space research)
• Surface properties and thickness of multi-year sea ice in the Fram Strait (NPI)
• Longterm monitoring of fast ice thickness and distribution in Kongsfjorden, Storfjorden and Hopen (NPI)
• Energy and mass balance of sea ice at Arctic drifting ice stations (NPI)

Short movies documenting our Arctic fieldwork:

Arctic, Fram Strait 2012 (S. Gerland/M.F. Nesse): 2012 Fram Strait Cruise
Arctic, North of Svalbard 2010 (two time lapse movies, Ola Brandt, NPI): Ice floe work with RV Lanceand Night ride with RVLance

Karriere

• Since 2002: Research scientist at the Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Sea ice and climate
• 2000-2002, Research scientist at the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Environmental Unit, Tromsø. Radioecology in the Arctic
• 1997-2000, Research scientist at the Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Spectral reflectance of Snow and sea ice, Svalbard and Barents Sea
• 1996-1997, EU-HCM fellow at the University College London, Department of Geological Sciences, Rock and Ice Physics Laboratory, Mechanical properties of ice
• 1993-1996, post-doc scientist at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, Glaciology group
• 1993, Dr. rer. nat. at the University of Bremen, Geosciences Department.

Interesser og spesialfelt

• Sea ice and climate research with focus on the Arctic, especially Fram Strait, Svalbard and Barents Sea
• Sea ice thickness investigations, energy balance at the atmosphere-ice-ocean boundaries, sea ice growth and melt, sea ice drift, sea ice observation and mapping, remote sensing, glaciology
• Experience from fieldwork in the Arctic and Antarctic since 1988

Referanser

Wang. C., L. Shi, S. Gerland, M. Granskog, A. Renner, Z. Li, E. Hansen, and T. Martma (in press): Spring sea ice evolution in Rijpfjorden (80°N), Svalbard, from in situ measurements and Ice Mass Balance Buoy (IMB) data. Annals of Glaciology 54 (62).

Haapala, J., M. Lensu, M. Dumont, A.H.H. Renner, M.A. Granskog, S. Gerland (in press): Small-scale horizontal variability of snow, sea-ice thickness and freeboard in the first-year ice region north of Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology 54 (62).

Renner, A. H. H., S. Hendricks, S. Gerland, J. Beckers, C. Haas, T. Krumpen (2013): Large-scale ice thickness distribution of first-year sea ice in spring and summer north of Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology 54(62), 13-18, doi:10.3189/2012AoG62A146.

Perovich, D., Meier, W., Tschudi, M., Gerland, S. & Richter-Menge, J. 2012: Sea ice. In: Jeffries, M. O., J. A. Richter-Menge and J. E. Overland, Eds., 2012: Arctic Report Card 2012, http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard/sea_ice.html.

Forsström, S., Gerland, S. & Pedersen, C.A. (2011): Sea ice and snow densities and hydrostatic equilibrium assumption from in situ measurements in Fram Strait, Barents Sea and Svalbard coast. Annals of Glaciology 57 (52), pp. 261-270.

Gerland, S., and Haas, C. (2011): Snow depth observations by adventurers travelling on Arctic sea ice. Annals of Glaciology 57 (52), pp. 369-376.

Hendricks, S., Gerland, S., Smedsrud, L.H., Haas, C., Pfaffhuber, A.A., and Nilsen, F. (2011): Sea ice thickness variability in Storfjorden, Svalbard archipelago. Annals of Glaciology 57 (52), pp. 61-68.

Dieckmann, G.S., G. Nehrke, C. Uhlig, J. Göttlicher, S. Gerland, M.A. Granskog, D.N. Thomas (2010): Ikaite (CaCO3*6H2O) discovered in Arctic sea ice. Brief communication, The Cryosphere, Vol. 4, 153-161.

Nicolaus, M., Gerland, S., Hudson, S.R., Hanson, S., Haapala, J. and Perovich, D.K. (2010): Seasonality of spectral albedo and transmittance as observed in the Arctic Transpolar Drift in 2007. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 115, C11011, doi:10.1029/2009JC006074.

Nicolaus, M., Hudson, S.R., Gerland, S., and Munderloh, K. (2010): A modern concept for autonomous and continuous measurements of spectral albedo and transmittance of sea ice. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 62, pp. 14-28.

Lyapustin, A., C.K. Gatebe, R. Kahn, R. Brandt, J. Redemann, P. Russell, M.D. King, C.A. Pedersen, S. Gerland, R. Poudyal, A. Marshak, Y. Wang, C. Schaaf, D. Hall, and A. Kokhanovsky (2010): Analysis of Snow BRF from ARCTAS Spring-2008 Campaign. POLARCAT Special Issue of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics; Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4359–4375, 2010. www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/4359/2010/. doi:10.5194/acp-10-4359-2010.

Forsström, S., Ström, J., Pedersen, C.A., Isaksson, E. and Gerland, S. (2009): Elemental carbon distribution in Svalbard snow. Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmosphere. 114, D19112.

Wilkinson, J.P., G. DeCarolis, I. Ehlert, D. Notz, K.-U. Evers, P. Jochmann, S. Gerland, M. Nicolaus, N. Hughes, S. Kern, S. de la Rosa, L. Smedsrud, S. Sakai, H. Shen, & P. Wadhams (2009): Ice tank experiments highlight changes in sea ice types. Eos Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 90 (10), pp. 81-82.

Pedersen, C.A., Hall, R., Gerland, S., Sivertsen, A.H., Svenøe, T., & Haas, C. (2009): Combined airborne profiling over Fram Strait sea ice: Fractional sea-ice types, albedo and thickness measurements. Cold Regions Science and Technology, Vol. 55, pp. 23-32.

Gerland, S., Renner, A.H.H., Godtliebsen, F., Divine, D., & Løyning, T.B. (2008): Decrease of sea ice thickness at Hopen, Barents Sea, during 1966-2007. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, L06501, doi:10.1029/2007GL032716.

J-C. Gascard, E. Bourgois, H. Bourmaud, B. Buigues, B. Bruemmer, K. Claffey, M. Doble, F. Dominé, B. Elder, J. Festy, R. Forsberg, S. Gerland, H. Le Goff, J. Grangeon, J. Haapala, C.Haas, S. Hanson, G. Heygster, E. Jakobsson, L. Kaleschke, C. de Marliave, J-P. Metaxian, M. Nicolaus, M. Offermann, T. Palo, G. Redvers, E. Rinne, H. Skourup, R. Troublé, P. Wadhams, M. Weber, & J. Wilkinson (2008): Exploring Arctic transpolar drift during dramatic sea ice retreat. Eos Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 89 (3), 15 January 2008, pp. 21-22.

Gerland, S., & Renner, A.H.H. (2007): Sea ice mass balance monitoring in an Arctic fjord, Annals of Glaciology, Vol. 46, pp. 435-442.

Gerland, S., Aars, J., Bracegirdle, T., Carmack, E., Hop, H., Hovelsrud, G.K., Kovacs, K.M., Lydersen, C., Perovich, D.K., Richter-Menge, J., Rybråten, S., Strøm, H., & Turner, J. (2007): Ice in the Sea. Chapter 5 of Global Outlook for Ice and Snow. UN Environment Program (UNEP), pp. 63-96. http://www.unep.org/geo/geo_ice/

Cottier, F., Nilsen, F., Inall, M.E., Gerland, S., Tverberg, V., & Svendsen, H. (2007): Wintertime warming of an Arctic shelf in response to large-scale atmospheric circulation, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, L10607, doi: 10.1029/2007GL029948.

Gerland, S., & Hall, R. (2006): Variability of fast ice thickness in Spitsbergen fjords Annals of Glaciology, Vol. 44, pp. 231-239.

Gerland, S., Haas, C., Hall, R., Holfort, J., Hansen, E., Løyning, T.B., and Renner, A. (2006): Spring sea ice thickness in the western Fram Strait: Preliminary results. In: P. Wadhams & G. Amanatidis (eds.): Arctic Sea Ice Thickness: Past, Present and Future. Climate Change and Natural Hazards Series 10, EUR22416, European Commission, Brussels, 2006, 293 pages, pp. 158-164. (Download PDF)

Richter-Menge, J., Overland, J., Proshutinsky, A., Romanovsky, V., Bengtsson, L., Brigham., L.,Dyrgerov, M., Gascard, J.C., Gerland, S., Graversen, R., Haas, C., Karcher, M., Kuhry, P., Maslanik, J., Melling, H., Maslowsky, W., Morison, J., Perovich, D., Przybylak, R., Rachold, V., Rigor, I., Shiklomanov, A., Stroeve, J., Walker, D., & Walsh, J. (2006): State of the Arctic Report. NOAA OAR Special Report, NOAA/OAR/PMEL, Seattle, WA, 36 pp.

Dowdall, M., Gerland, S., Karcher, M., Gwynn, J.P., Rudjord, A.L. & Kolstad, A.K. (2005): Optimisation of sampling for the temporal monitoring of technetium-99 in the Arctic marine environment. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Vol. 84, pp. 111-130.

Gerland, S., Haas, C., Nicolaus, M. & Winther, J-G. (2004): Seasonal development of structure and optical surface properties of fast ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. In: Wiencke, C. (ed.): The coastal ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Synopsis of biological research performed at the Koldewey Station in the years 1991-2003. Reports of Polar and Marine Research, Vol. 492, pp. 26-34. (Download PDF)

Gwynn, J.P., Dowdall, M., Gerland, S., Selnæs, Ø.G. & Wiencke, C. (2004): Technetium-99 in Arctic marine algae from Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. In: Wiencke, C. (ed.): The coastal ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Synopsis of biological research performed at the Koldewey Station in the years 1991-2003. Reports of Polar and Marine Research, Vol. 492, pp. 35-43.

Hamre, B., Winther, J-G., Gerland, S., Stamnes, J.J. & Stamnes, K., 2004: Modeled and measured optical transmittance of snow-covered first-year sea ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, C10006, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001926.

Gerland, S. & Njåstad, B. (eds.) 2004: Arctic Climate Feedback Mechanisms. Proceedings of a workshop at the Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway, 17-19 November 2003. Rapportserie Norwegian Polar Institute 124, 63 pages (non-reviewed)

Karcher, M.J., Gerland, S., Harms, I. H., Iosjpe, M., Heldal, H.E., Kershaw, P.J. & Sickel, M. (2004): The dispersion of 99Tc in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean: a comparison of model results and observations. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Vol. 74, No. 1-3, pp. 185-198.

Gerland, S., Njaastad, B., Isaksson, E., Pavlov, V., Christensen, J.H., Haugan, P.M., Holmén, K., Perovich, D.K., Reeh, N. & Wadhams, P. (2004): Discussions of Arctic Climate Feedback Mechanisms. Eos Transactions, Meetings section, Vol. 85, No. 15 (13 April 2004), p. 147.

Winther, J-G., Edvardsen, K., Gerland, S. & Hamre, B. (2004): Surface reflectance of sea ice and under ice irradiance in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Research Note. Polar Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 115-118. (Download PDF)

Gerland, S., Winther, J-G., Edvardsen, K. (2004): Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Interaction Studies on Svalbard fjords. Research note (non-reviewed). In Jaklin, G.S. (ed.): Polar Research in Tromsø 2003, Norwegian Polar Institute, pp 5-6. (Download PDF)

Hansen, E., Løyning, T.B., Gerland, S. , & Goodwin, H. (2004): Arctic sea ice thickness variability observed over a decade in the Fram Strait. Extended abstract. Proceedings of the Final ACSYS (Arctic Climate System Study) Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia, November 2003. 4 pages (non-reviewed). (Download PDF)

Ivanov, B.V., Gerland, S., Winther, J-G. & Goodwin, H. (2003): Energy exchange processes in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea, Arctic Ocean, during spring 1999. Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 49, No. 166, 415-419.

Winther, J-G., Bruland, O., Sand, K., Gerland, S., Marechal, D., Ivanov, B., Glowacki, P. & König, M. (2003): Snow research in Svalbard - an overview. Polar Research, Vol. 22, No. 2, 125-144. (Download PDF)

Gerland, S., Lind, B., Dowdall, M., Karcher, M. & Kolstad, A.K. (2003): 99Tc in seawater in the West Spitsbergen Current and adjacent areas. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Vol. 69, No. 1-2, 119-127.

Svendsen, H., Beszczynska-Møller, A., Hagen, J.O., Lefauconnier, B.,Tverberg, V., Gerland, S., Ørbæk, J.B., Bischof, K., Papucci, C., Zajaczkowski, M., Azzolini, R., Bruland, O., Wiencke, C., Winther, J-G., & Dallmann, W. (2002): The physical environment of Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, an Arctic fjord system in Svalbard. Polar Research, Vol. 21, No. 1, 133-166. (Download PDF)

Hop, H., Pearson, T., Hegseth, E.N., Kovacs, K.M., Wiencke, C., Kwasniewski, S., Eiane, K., Mehlum, F., Gulliksen, B., Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, M., Lydersen, C., Weslawski, J.M., Cochrane, S., Gabrielsen, G.W., Leakey, R., Lønne, O.J., Zajaczkowski, M., Falk-Petersen, S., Kendall, M., Wängberg, S.-Å., Bischof, K., Voronkov, A.Yu., Kovaltchouk, N.A., Wiktor, J., Polterman, M., di Prisco, G., Papucci, C. & Gerland, S. 2002: The marine ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Research 21 (1), 167-208. (Download PDF)

Winther, J.-G., Godtliebsen, F., Gerland, S., & Isachsen, P.E. (2002): Surface albedo in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard: variability and trends during 1981-97; Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 32, pp. 127-139.

Gerland, S., Liston, G.E., Winther, J.-G., Ørbæk, J.B., & Ivanov, B. (2000): Attenuation of solar radiation in Arctic snow: field observations and modelling; Annals of Glaciology, Vol. 31, pp. 364-368.

Gerland, S., Oerter, H., Kipfstuhl, J., Wilhelms, F., Miller, H., & Miners, W.D. (1999): Density log of a 181 metre long ice core from Berkner Island, Antarctica; Annals of Glaciology, Vol. 29, pp. 215-219.

Gerland, S., Winther, J.-G., Ørbæk, J.B., & Ivanov, B. (1999): Physical properties, spectral reflectance and thickness development of first year fast-ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard; Polar Research, Vol. 18 (2), pp. 275-282. (Download PDF)

Haas, C., Cottier, F., Smedsrud, L.-H., Thomas, D., Buschmann, U., Dethleff, D., Gerland, S., Giannelli, V., Hoelemann, J., Tison, J.-L., & Wadhams, P. (1999): Multidisciplinary ice tank study shedding new light on sea ice growth processes; Eos Transactions, Vol. 80 (43), pp. 507, 509, 513.

Gerland, S., Winther, J.-G., Ørbæk, J.B.,Liston, G.E., Øritsland, N.A., Blanco, A., & Ivanov, B. (1999): Physical and optical properties of snow covering Arctic tundra on Svalbard; Hydrological Processes, Vol. 13 (14/15), pp. 2331-2343. Appeared also in: Hardy, J.P., Albert, M.R. & Marsh, P. (eds., 1999): Snow Hydrology: The Integration of Physical, Chemical and Biological Systems. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, 373 pp.

Haas, C., Gerland, S., Eicken, H., & Miller, H. (1997): Comparison of sea-ice thickness measurements under summer and winter conditions in the Arctic using a small electromagnetic induction device; Geophysics, Vol. 62 (3), pp. 749-757.

Gerland, S. & Villinger, H. (1995): Nondestructive density determination on marine sediment cores from gamma-ray attenuation measurements; Geo-Marine Letters, Vol. 15 (2), pp. 111-118.